1. Biochemistry: Basics
• Introduction to Biochemistry
• Energy Homeostasis
• The Cell: Cell Membrane
• Basics of Carbohydrates
• Fatty Acid Metabolism
• Overview of Protein Functions
• Proteins and Peptides
• Fatty Acids and Lipids
• Second Messengers
• DNA Types and Structure
• Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
• Enzyme Kinetics
• Fatty Acid Metabolism
• Catabolism of Amino Acids
• Stages and Regulation of Translation
• Nucleic Acids
• Lipid Metabolism
• Fat-soluble Vitamins and their Deficiencies
• Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions
• Basics of Amino Acids
• RNA Types and Structure
• Stages of Transcription
• Regulation of Transcription

2. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics

• Basics of Enzymes
• Enzyme Inhibition
• Enzyme Kinetics

3. Amino Acid Metabolism

• Heme Metabolism
• Liver Function Tests
• Thyroid Gland
• Liver
• Sickle Cell Disease
• Urea Cycle Disorders
• Catabolism of Amino Acids
• Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids
• Jaundice
• Basics of Amino Acids
• Lungs
• Hormones: Overview and Types
• Urea Cycle

4. Vitamins

• Folate and Vitamin B12
• Water-soluble Vitamins and their Deficiencies
• Anticoagulants

5. Hormones and Signal Transduction

• Hormones: Overview and Types
• Receptors
• Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS
• Membrane Potential
• Types of Mutations
• Synapses and Neurotransmission
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
• Breast Cancer

6. RNA and the Genetic Code

• Post-transcriptional Modifications (RNA Processing)
• Epigenetic Regulation
• Basic Terms of Genetics

7. Carbohydrate Metabolism

• Glyoxylate Cycle
• Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
• Citric Acid Cycle
8. Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
9. DNA Replication and Repair
• DNA Replication
• DNA Repair Mechanisms
10. Metabolic Control
• Glycogen Metabolism
• Gluconeogenesis
• Glycolysis
• Insulin
11. Lipid Metabolism
• Cholesterol Metabolism
• Ketone Body Metabolism
12. Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• DNA Types and Structure
• Nucleic Acids